PHP Versions

Dependency Management

composer update

Recommended Packages

roave/security-advisories

vimeo/psalm

# Version 1 doesn't exist yet, but it will one day:
composer require --dev vimeo/psalm:^0

# Only do this once:
vendor/bin/psalm --init

# Do this as often as you need:
vendor/bin/psalm

HTTPS and Browser Security

Security Headers

session_start([
    'cookie_httponly' => true,
    'cookie_secure' => true
]);

Subresource Integrity

<link
    rel="stylesheet"
    href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.0.0-alpha.6/css/bootstrap.min.css"
    integrity="sha384-rwoIResjU2yc3z8GV/NPeZWAv56rSmLldC3R/AZzGRnGxQQKnKkoFVhFQhNUwEyJ"
    crossorigin="anonymous"
/>
<script
    src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.0.0-alpha.6/js/bootstrap.min.js"
    integrity="sha384-vBWWzlZJ8ea9aCX4pEW3rVHjgjt7zpkNpZk+02D9phzyeVkE+jo0ieGizqPLForn"
    crossorigin="anonymous"
></script>

Document Relationships

Developing Secure PHP Software

Database Interaction

File Uploads

Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)

Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)

XML Attacks (XXE, XPath Injection)

libxml_disable_entity_loader(true);

<?php
declare(strict_types=1);

class SafeXPathEscaper
{
    /**
     * @param string $input
     * @return string
     */
    public static function allowAlphaNumeric(string $input): string
    {
        return \preg_replace('#[^A-Za-z0-9]#', '', $input);
    }
    
    /**
     * @param string $input
     * @return string
     */
    public static function allowNumeric(string $input): string
    {
        return \preg_replace('#[^0-9]#', '', $input);
    }
}

// Usage:
$selected = $xml->xpath(
    "/user/username/" . SafeXPathEscaper::allowAlphaNumeric(
        $_GET['username']
    )
);

Deserialization and PHP Object Injection

Password Hashing

$hash = \password_hash($password, PASSWORD_DEFAULT);

if (\password_verify($password, $hash)) {
    // Authenticated.
    if (\password_needs_rehash($hash, PASSWORD_DEFAULT)) {
        // Rehash, update database.
    }
}

General-Purpose Cryptography

Randomness

<?php
use ParagonIE\SeedSpring\SeedSpring;

$seed = random_bytes(16);
$rng = new SeedSpring($seed);

$data = $rng->getBytes(1024);
$int = $rng->getInt(1, 100);

Server-Side HTTPS Requests

composer require paragonie/certainty:^1

<?php
use ParagonIE\Certainty\RemoteFetch;

$latestCACertBundle = (new RemoteFetch())->getLatestBundle();

# cURL users:
    $ch = curl_init();
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, 2);
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, true);
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_CAINFO, $latestCACertBundle->getFilePath());

# Guzzle users:
    /** @var \GuzzleHttp\Client $http */
    $repsonse = $http->get(
        'https://example.com', 
        [
            'verify' => $latestCACertBundle->getFilePath()
        ]
    );

Things To Avoid

<?php

openssl_private_decrypt(
    $ciphertext,
    $decrypted, // Plaintext gets written to this variable upon success,
    $privateKey,
    OPENSSL_PKCS1_OAEP_PADDING // Important: DO NOT OMIT THIS!
);

Specialized Use-Cases

Searchable Encryption

Token-based Authentication without Side-Channels

Developing Secure APIs

Security Event Logging with Chronicle

A Word From the Author

Resources

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